Crypto license in Europe: MiCA (CASP) license by country
Since 30 December 2024 a crypto licence in Europe means one authorisation: a MiCA (CASP) licence from any of the 30 EEA states, valid in all of them. As of 12 October 2026, 367 firms hold one, issued by 29 national regulators in 27 states. Top issuer: Germany, 100 licences (27.2%). Next: France (36) · Netherlands (29) · Cyprus (25) · Malta (23). Not yet licensed (3 states): Hungary, Poland and Romania. Every licence is passported, so these markets are still served by 173 to 180 providers based elsewhere in the EEA.
All 30 EEA states: licences issued and providers available to residents
Sort any column. The country name opens that country's licensed providers: the firms licensed there, its regulator and the providers passported in from other states.
Country statistics compiled from the official ESMA register and verified by CASP Tracker on 14 October 2026.
| 1 |  Germany | BaFin | 27.2% | 16 | 289 | 17 Jan 2025 | 12 Oct 2026 | |
| 2 |  France | AMF | 9.8% | 23 | 204 | 23 May 2025 | 11 Sept 2026 | |
| 3 |  Netherlands | AFM | 7.9% | 17 | 205 | 30 Dec 2024 | 16 Jul 2026 | |
| 4 |  Cyprus | CySEC | 6.8% | 21 | 184 | 16 Jan 2025 | 20 Jul 2026 | |
| 5 |  Malta | MFSA | 6.3% | 17 | 179 | 27 Jan 2025 | 23 Sept 2026 | |
| 6 |  Spain | CNMV | 4.1% | 6 | 206 | 5 Mar 2025 | 31 Jul 2026 | |
| 7 |  Luxembourg | CSSF | 3.5% | 8 | 194 | 7 Feb 2025 | 3 Jul 2026 | |
| 8 |  Czechia | CNB | 3.3% | 9 | 190 | 11 Feb 2026 | 29 Jul 2026 | |
| 9 |  Ireland | CBI | 3.3% | 11 | 185 | 25 Jun 2025 | 28 Apr 2026 | |
| 10 |  Latvia | Latvijas Banka | 3.3% | 11 | 175 | 3 Dec 2025 | 30 Sept 2026 | |
| 11 |  Liechtenstein | FMA | 3.3% | 7 | 165 | 1 Dec 2025 | 10 Jul 2026 | |
| 12 |  Austria | FMA | 3.0% | 9 | 186 | 9 Apr 2025 | 7 Jul 2026 | |
| 13 |  Italy | CONSOB | 2.5% | 7 | 204 | 27 Apr 2026 | 30 Jun 2026 | |
| 14 |  Denmark | Finanstilsynet | 1.9% | 4 | 178 | 15 Sept 2025 | 30 Jun 2026 | |
| 15 |  Croatia | HANFA +1 | 1.6% | 5 | 179 | 9 Apr 2026 | 17 Jun 2026 | |
| 16 |  Lithuania | LSC | 1.6% | 3 | 182 | 13 May 2025 | 26 Feb 2026 | |
| 17 |  Norway | Finanstilsynet | 1.6% | 4 | 163 | 2 Feb 2026 | 29 Jun 2026 | |
| 18 |  Slovakia | NBS | 1.6% | 5 | 177 | 18 Dec 2025 | 15 Jan 2026 | |
| 19 |  Bulgaria | FSC | 1.4% | 4 | 175 | 22 Dec 2025 | 10 Sept 2026 | |
| 20 |  Finland | FIN-FSA | 1.4% | 2 | 179 | 2 Jul 2025 | 2 Dec 2025 | |
| 21 |  Slovenia | ATVP | 1.4% | 1 | 180 | 4 Oct 2025 | 6 Sept 2026 | |
| 22 |  Greece | HCMC +1 | 1.1% | 2 | 182 | 30 Jun 2026 | 7 Aug 2026 | |
| 23 |  Estonia | EFSA | 0.8% | 1 | 177 | 17 Nov 2025 | 15 Jun 2026 | |
| 24 |  Belgium | NBB | 0.5% | 0 | 197 | 20 Jul 2026 | 20 Jul 2026 | |
| 25 |  Iceland | Central Bank of Iceland | 0.3% | 1 | 154 | 25 Jun 2026 | 25 Jun 2026 | |
| 26 |  Portugal | Banco de Portugal | 0.3% | 1 | 188 | 19 May 2026 | 19 May 2026 | |
| 27 |  Sweden | Finansinspektionen | 0.3% | 1 | 182 | 13 Oct 2025 | 13 Oct 2025 | |
| – |  Hungary | – | 0% | 0 | 173 | – | – | |
| – |  Poland | – | 0% | 0 | 180 | – | – | |
| – |  Romania | – | 0% | 0 | 174 | – | – |
"Exchanges" counts licences covering MiCA services b, c or d. "Available to residents" adds providers licensed in another EEA state that notified this market (passporting). Future-dated entries: 1 (counted in the licence total). Duplicate register rows for the same legal entity are merged (370 rows, 367 firms).
Which countries have issued the most MiCA licences?
The answer depends on what you count. Three lenses on the same register, all computed from the current data.
Most licences issued
Home-state authorisations and notifications in the register.
- Germany 100
- France 36
- Netherlands 29
- Cyprus 25
- Malta 23
Most licensed exchanges
Licences that cover a trading platform or exchange services (b, c or d).
- France 23
- Cyprus 21
- Malta 17
- Netherlands 17
- Germany 16
Most providers available to residents
Home-licensed firms plus firms passported in from other EEA states.
- Germany 289
- Spain 206
- Netherlands 205
- France 204
- Italy 204
Germany: leader by count, not by exchanges. 63 of 100 entries are banks (by name), 55 hold a single service (execution of orders), 74 sit in the lowest capital class, and 83 are licensed for the home market only. Credit institutions enter the register through a notification (MiCA Article 60), not a full authorisation, and ESMA lists both in the same column.
Exchange hubs: France (23) and Cyprus (21) licences covering exchange services. Most providers available: Germany (289). Italy: only 9 home licences, yet ranks #5 of 5 for providers available (204), because passporting firms notify the largest markets first.
Which EU countries have not issued a MiCA licence yet?
No home-state authorisation from these regulators appears in the ESMA register as of 12 October 2026. Residents are not locked out: providers licensed elsewhere in the EEA can serve them after a passporting notification.
Hungary
0 licences issued
173 providers may serve residents
132 of them are exchanges
Hungary: providers available Poland
0 licences issued
180 providers may serve residents
137 of them are exchanges
Poland: providers available Romania
0 licences issued
174 providers may serve residents
133 of them are exchanges
Romania: providers availableCan a MiCA licence from one country be used in another?
Yes. A provider applies once, to the regulator of its home state, and can then offer the same services in every other EEA state after notifying its regulator of the target markets (passporting). The "Available to residents" column adds those passported providers to the home-licensed ones.
Reach varies a lot by home state. Widest: Netherlands, Cyprus and Ireland - the median licence there is notified to all 30 markets. Narrowest: Germany - the median licence there reaches 1 of the 30 markets. Example: Bybit EU (home state: Austria) is notified in 28 other states. A typical German cooperative bank is licensed in none of them.
How do you get a MiCA (CASP) licence?
- One application to the home-state regulator, listed in the table, for any of the 10 MiCA crypto-asset services.
- Minimum capital depends on the services: EUR 50,000, EUR 125,000 or EUR 150,000 (MiCA Annex IV).
- Banks, investment firms and e-money institutions notify the regulator instead of applying (Article 60).
- After authorisation, one notification per target market unlocks the whole EEA.
MiCA is the same regulation in every state. Fees, timelines and the regulator's practice differ and are not measured here, so this page shows where licences were granted, not where to apply. The regulation itself is explained on What is MiCA and what is a CASP.
How we count licences per country
- Home state is the country whose regulator granted the authorisation or received the notification.
- One firm, one licence. Rows sharing the same LEI and legal name are merged: 370 source rows become 367 firms.
- Authorisations and notifications are counted together, exactly as ESMA publishes them in a single combined date field.
- "Available to residents" uses ESMA's passporting data plus the home state, the same rule as the "I'm in" filter of the directory.
- Banks are identified by their legal name (bank, Volksbank, Raiffeisenbank, Sparkasse, eG), which is a heuristic, not a register field.
- Figures refresh on every verification under the CASP Tracker Verification Protocol.
FAQ about crypto licences in Europe
How many MiCA licences have been issued in the EU?
367 as of 12 October 2026, counted as distinct legal entities in the ESMA register (370 source rows, 3 of them re-listings of the same firm). 27 of the 30 EEA states have issued at least one.
Which country has issued the most MiCA licences?
Top issuer: Germany, 100 licences (27.2%). Next: France (36) · Netherlands (29) · Cyprus (25) · Malta (23). Germany: 63 of 100 entries are banks (by name) and 55 hold only the execution-of-orders service, so the ranking reflects registrations, not the number of exchanges.
Which EU countries have no MiCA licence yet?
3 states: Hungary, Poland and Romania. Their regulators have not authorised a home-based provider that appears in the register. Residents there are still served by 173 to 180 providers licensed in other EEA states.
Can a MiCA licence from one country be used in another?
Yes. A licence granted by any EEA regulator can be passported to every other EEA state after a notification. Example: Belgium - 2 home licences, 197 providers may serve local residents there.
Is a MiCA licence the same as a CASP licence?
Yes. The Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA, Regulation (EU) 2023/1114) calls the authorised firm a crypto-asset service provider (CASP), so "MiCA licence", "CASP licence" and "CASP authorisation" describe the same authorisation.
Which country is the fastest or cheapest for a crypto licence in Europe?
We do not rank jurisdictions. MiCA sets the same requirements in every state, and the differences that matter to an applicant, such as fees, staffing and the regulator's practice, are not something the register measures. The table shows where licences have actually been granted.
Do banks need a MiCA licence to offer crypto?
Credit institutions, investment firms and e-money institutions can provide crypto-asset services after notifying their regulator (MiCA Article 60) instead of applying for a full authorisation. The ESMA register lists both routes in one column. Germany: 63 of 100 entries are banks.
How often is this page updated?
Every time the ESMA register is re-checked under the CASP Tracker Verification Protocol. The last verification was on 14 October 2026 and the data last changed on 12 October 2026. Both dates are shown at the top of the page.